采(cai)暖(nuan)的(de)主要(yao)分類與(yu)電壓的(de)要(yao)求你清楚嗎(ma)?小編這下告(gao)訴你

電采暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一種以(yi)電力為(wei)能(neng)(neng)源，將電能(neng)(neng)直接(jie)轉化成熱能(neng)(neng)，并(bing)通過溫度控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)實現對(dui)散(san)(san)(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)供熱控制(zhi)的采暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱設備，散(san)(san)(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)固定安(an)裝在(zai)建筑物內。電采暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)品種復雜，類(lei)型(xing)多樣，總括來(lai)說可依據其放熱方式(shi)(shi)、傳熱類(lei)型(xing)以(yi)及安(an)裝形式(shi)(shi)來(lai)進行(xing)分類(lei)，電采暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)按放熱方式(shi)(shi)可以(yi)分為(wei)直接(jie)作用式(shi)(shi)和蓄熱式(shi)(shi);按傳熱類(lei)型(xing)可分為(wei)對(dui)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)和輻射(she)式(shi)(shi)，其中對(dui)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)包括自然對(dui)流(liu)和強制(zhi)對(dui)流(liu)兩種;按安(an)裝形式(shi)(shi)又可以(yi)分為(wei)吊裝式(shi)(shi)、壁掛式(shi)(shi)和落(luo)地式(shi)(shi)。

直接作用式電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)暖散(san)熱(re)器是在(zai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)需(xu)要采(cai)(cai)暖時，將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化(hua)為(wei)熱(re)能(neng)，并(bing)將熱(re)能(neng)直接傳到建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)內的電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)暖散(san)熱(re)器。蓄熱(re)式電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)暖散(san)熱(re)器是將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化(hua)為(wei)熱(re)能(neng)通過(guo)(guo)蓄熱(re)介質進行儲存，在(zai)需(xu)要時將所儲存的熱(re)量對(dui)(dui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)供熱(re)的電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)暖散(san)熱(re)器。對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)暖散(san)熱(re)器中，空(kong)(kong)氣在(zai)散(san)熱(re)器內部形成(cheng)流(liu)(liu)通通道，并(bing)布(bu)置空(kong)(kong)氣進口(kou)和出(chu)口(kou)格柵，這也是對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)式區別于輻(fu)射式的特點(dian)，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)(guo)熱(re)空(kong)(kong)氣自(zi)然(ran)(ran)向上(shang)擴(kuo)散(san)，冷空(kong)(kong)氣自(zi)然(ran)(ran)向下(xia)擴(kuo)散(san)形成(cheng)對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)，強制對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)一般借助(zhu)風機(ji)來實現空(kong)(kong)氣的對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)。

與其它電采暖方式的比(bi)較

目前，市場上的電采暖方(fang)式(shi)主要有以下(xia)幾種(zhong)：電熱(re)(re)鍋爐、電熱(re)(re)膜、電熱(re)(re)地(di)纜、電取暖器、電采暖散(san)熱(re)(re)器、板式(shi)輻射器等(deng)。

1)電熱(re)膜：此(ci)種供暖方(fang)式占(zhan)用建筑物(wu)立體空(kong)間，安裝(zhuang)空(kong)間比較大，不便(bian)于用戶裝(zhuang)修，舒適(shi)性差，熱(re)空(kong)氣在上，易(yi)產生(sheng)頭熱(re)腳涼，而且不能在潮(chao)濕場合使用;

2)電熱地(di)(di)纜：此種供暖方(fang)式(shi)同(tong)樣占用建筑物立(li)體空間，而(er)且對(dui)地(di)(di)板(ban)、家具(ju)的材料(liao)和布置(zhi)有特殊要求(qiu)(qiu)，升溫時間長，溫度反應速度慢，因而(er)造成綜合運行費用偏高(gao);這種方(fang)式(shi)，對(dui)施工過程(cheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)較高(gao)，造價偏高(gao)。電熱地(di)(di)纜通常用在伴熱系統(tong)或融雪。

3)電熱(re)(re)鍋爐：管路系統(tong)復雜，施(shi)工要求高(gao)，中(zhong)間介質(熱(re)(re)水)不(bu)可避免的造成熱(re)(re)損失(shi)，不(bu)便于進行分室調節(jie)。與(yu)其他電采(cai)暖(nuan)設(she)備(bei)相比(bi)，該系統(tong)蓄熱(re)(re)量較大，但(dan)不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)..調控的能(neng)力，采(cai)暖(nuan)舒(shu)適度較低(di)，運(yun)行、維修費用偏高(gao)。

4)通風(feng)系(xi)統：形式各(ge)式各(ge)樣，有油(you)汀、紅外輻(fu)射電風(feng)扇、真(zhen)空熱管等(deng)多種形式，作(zuo)為家(jia)用(yong)電器產品(pin)，并不固定(ding)于(yu)建筑物內，也(ye)不是(shi)根據建筑采暖負(fu)荷要求而選用(yong)的，控(kong)制性(xing)能也(ye)比(bi)較簡單。

5)電采(cai)暖散熱器：其直接加熱空(kong)氣(qi)，加熱速度快，形式多樣;

6)吸頂式輻射(she)器：俗稱板式納米級電(dian)天暖，采用了先進的納米級技術，它不(bu)僅可以做到分(fen)戶控(kong)制(zhi)，而且可以做到分(fen)室分(fen)區控(kong)制(zhi)，可以按照生活舒適度的需要及(ji)無人防凍(dong)等要求控(kong)制(zhi)室溫;對安裝要求不(bu)高，可廣(guang)泛應用于民用和工(gong)業各領域。

電(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)熱(re)(re)器(qi)特點(dian) 主要特點(dian)有：散(san)熱(re)(re)器(qi)設備無需(xu)維(wei)護;安裝(zhuang)拆卸操(cao)作(zuo)簡便(bian);直接(jie)加熱(re)(re)室(shi)內空氣，無中間介質，電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)轉(zhuan)換率....，效率高(gao)(gao)(gao);控制系統能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)證房間溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度按要求快(kuai)速(su)反應(ying)，如果(guo)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)設置(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度，散(san)熱(re)(re)器(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)關閉，如果(guo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度下降(jiang)低于(yu)設置(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度，散(san)熱(re)(re)器(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)，在(zai)保(bao)(bao)證高(gao)(gao)(gao)舒(shu)適度的同(tong)時(shi)，也確(que)保(bao)(bao)了電(dian)(dian)不被浪費;電(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)清潔環保(bao)(bao)，不產生廢氣和(he)二(er)次(ci)污(wu)染;具有自(zi)動(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)護功能(neng)(neng)，具有高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)護自(zi)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng);方便(bian)供熱(re)(re)用能(neng)(neng)計量，有利于(yu)行為節(jie)能(neng)(neng);與(yu)(yu)其他供暖(nuan)方法(fa)相比，投(tou)入(ru)成本低，無需(xu)為每個房間配備單獨的產生熱(re)(re)量與(yu)(yu)傳播熱(re)(re)量的系統，不需(xu)為產生能(neng)(neng)量而(er)特別(bie)設置(zhi)一(yi)個設備間。

2 電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)(zhi)標：電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)泄(xie)漏電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)強度(du)、接地電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、防(fang)潮(chao)等級、防(fang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)等。具體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)如下：1)泄(xie)露(lu)電(dian)(dian)流：在(zai)規定的實(shi)驗額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下，測量電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)露(lu)的金(jin)屬部分與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源線之(zhi)間的泄(xie)露(lu)電(dian)(dian)流應不大于0.75mA或(huo)0.75mA/kW;2)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)強度(du)：再(zai)帶電(dian)(dian)部分和(he)非帶電(dian)(dian)部門之(zhi)間事假額定頻率(lv)和(he)規定試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，持續(xu)1min，應無(wu)擊穿或(huo)閃(shan)路。接地電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)：電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)露(lu)金(jin)屬部分與(yu)接地端之(zhi)間的絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)不大于0.1Ω。4)防(fang)潮(chao)登記、防(fang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)：不同(tong)的使用(yong)場所要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)有(you)不同(tong)的等級要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，.高(gao)在(zai)衛浴使用(yong)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)達到IP24防(fang)護(hu)等級。性(xing)(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)(zhi)標：從安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)使用(yong)角度(du)考慮與(yu)直接作(zuo)用(yong)式電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)相關的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)(zhi)標主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)輸入功(gong)率(lv)、表面溫(wen)度(du)和(he)出風(feng)溫(wen)度(du)、升溫(wen)時(shi)間等。 電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)出廠時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)標注功(gong)率(lv)大小，這個功(gong)率(lv)稱(cheng)為標稱(cheng)輸入功(gong)率(lv)，但(dan)是產品在(zai)正常運行時(shi)，也有(you)一(yi)個運行時(shi)的功(gong)率(lv)，稱(cheng)為實(shi)際(ji)輸入功(gong)率(lv)，這兩個功(gong)率(lv)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)不相等。

升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)是評判(pan)電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)散(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)響(xiang)應時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)指標，電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)散(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要是通過對(dui)流(liu)和(he)輻(fu)射(she)對(dui)建筑物進行(xing)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)，只(zhi)有其表面溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度或(huo)(huo)者出(chu)風溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度達(da)到(dao)(dao)一定(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)才會(hui)(hui)起到(dao)(dao)維持房(fang)間(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)效果，一般升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)指從(cong)接通電(dian)源到(dao)(dao)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，通常穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)概念是：電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)散(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)外表面或(huo)(huo)出(chu)氣口格柵溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度變(bian)化220伏(fu)特時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)大于2℃，則可以認為(wei)已達(da)到(dao)(dao)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)。暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)氣從(cong)節能和(he)使用(yong)要求(qiu)考慮，電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)散(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)越短(duan)，越有利。依(yi)照國家標準幾(ji)乎所有用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓為(wei)220伏(fu)特【±2】;如(ru)果電(dian)壓低，或(huo)(huo)低于200伏(fu)特，電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)熱效率(lv)則會(hui)(hui)低下，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)效能，并會(hui)(hui)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)散(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)使用(yong)壽命。

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